{"id":11954,"date":"2024-12-13T09:30:13","date_gmt":"2024-12-13T08:30:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/maluquerabogados.com\/publicaciones\/comprar-inmueble-en-espana-pasos-legales-y-fiscales-clave\/"},"modified":"2026-02-02T12:16:25","modified_gmt":"2026-02-02T11:16:25","slug":"buying-property-in-spain-key-legal-and-tax-steps","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/maluquerabogados.com\/en\/publicaciones\/buying-property-in-spain-key-legal-and-tax-steps\/","title":{"rendered":"Buying property in Spain: what you need to know before starting the process"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">According to the latest report by the Spanish Registrars,\u00a021,500 property purchase deeds\u00a0were granted to foreign buyers during the first quarter of 2024. This represents a\u00a07.5% increase\u00a0compared to the previous quarter. Due to the growing interest among foreign buyers, we believe it may be useful to offer some guidance on how to buy property in Spain as a non-resident. Our advice refers to a\u00a0standard purchase transaction without bank financing.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized has-custom-border\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/maluquerabogados.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/pexels-jakubzerdzicki-31651009-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"Buying property in Spain\n\" class=\"has-border-color has-white-border-color wp-image-11817\" style=\"border-width:45px;border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;aspect-ratio:1.4992888417882142;width:759px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/maluquerabogados.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/pexels-jakubzerdzicki-31651009-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/maluquerabogados.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/pexels-jakubzerdzicki-31651009-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/maluquerabogados.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/pexels-jakubzerdzicki-31651009-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/maluquerabogados.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/pexels-jakubzerdzicki-31651009-1536x1025.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/maluquerabogados.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/pexels-jakubzerdzicki-31651009-2048x1366.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-665437cf659b632f9ae796877f29c82d\" style=\"color:#0d0087\"><strong>Legal steps to buy property in Spain<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>1. Hire a lawyer before buying property in Spain<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Once the right property has been found, before signing any agreement\/document or paying any amount, it is highly advisable to <a href=\"https:\/\/maluquerabogados.com\/en\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">hire a lawyer to carry out an initial legal assessment<\/a> of the property and to advise you on the agreements\/documents that will be signed, in order to avoid unpleasant surprises.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong><strong>2. Sign a reservation agreement<\/strong><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In some cases, in order to remove the property from the market for a certain period of time, the potential buyer may be asked to sign a reservation agreement and usually pay between\u00a0\u20ac3,000 and \u20ac10,000\u00a0as a deposit. The amount will depend on the final price at which the property is offered on the market. This period of time will allow the potential buyer to carry out the appropriate legal checks. Generally, the reservation funds are transferred to the real estate agency handling the transaction and will be refunded if issues arise during the legal checks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong><strong>3. Legal checks prior to buying property in Spain<\/strong><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It is important to verify, among other aspects:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Who owns the property.<\/strong>\u00a0In the case of co-ownership, all co-owners must have given their consent to the transaction. This information can be obtained from the Land Registry. Even if there is no co-ownership, if the seller is married, the marital property regime must be checked, as the consent of the other spouse may be required.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>The legal status of the property<\/strong>\u00a0\u2014 whether the property is free of charges, mortgages, or encumbrances. This information can also be obtained from the Land Registry. If there is a mortgage on the property, the seller must provide the potential buyer with the documents related to the mortgage.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Whether there are any urban planning limitations affecting the property.<\/strong>\u00a0It is possible to obtain a certificate from the Town Hall regarding the status of the property, although this may take approximately one month. In some cities, basic urban planning information can be obtained through the official Town Hall website. If the property is close to the sea, it is also advisable to check whether there are any easements affecting the property. This information can be obtained from the Town Hall or from the Coastal Authority.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>The validity of the certificate of habitability<\/strong>, which proves that the property meets all the requirements to be inhabited. The seller is obliged to show this document to the potential buyer.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>If the property is part of a homeowners\u2019 association<\/strong>, the status of payment of the community fees. The seller must provide a certificate issued by the community administrator for this purpose.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Whether the property is free of occupants.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Whether the municipal tax has been paid (IBI \u2013 Property Tax).<\/strong>\u00a0Otherwise, the buyer will be responsible for paying this tax.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Whether the property is subject to a mandatory Technical Inspection<\/strong>\u00a0and therefore whether it has passed such inspection.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong><strong>4. Sign the deposit contract (arras)<\/strong><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">After successfully completing the appropriate legal checks, the next step is to sign a deposit contract (\u201carras\u201d). In this contract, the buyer and the seller agree on the terms and conditions of the sale, including the price of the property and the maximum period within which the public deed of sale must be signed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Normally, the buyer pays\u00a0<strong>10%\u201320%<\/strong>\u00a0of the purchase price as a deposit (\u201carras\u201d), which will be deducted from the total price when the public deed is signed. Depending on the contractual terms, if the buyer decides not to proceed with the purchase, they may lose the amount paid as the deposit, whereas if the seller decides to withdraw from the sale, they must return\u00a0<strong>double the amount<\/strong>\u00a0to the buyer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong><strong>5. Obtain the Foreigner Identification Number (NIE)<\/strong><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Foreigners who buy property in Spain are required to obtain a\u00a0<strong>Foreigner Identification Number (NIE)<\/strong>. This number, which will later correspond to the tax identification number, is required for all financial and legal transactions in Spain and, therefore, also to open a bank account in Spain. The NIE can be obtained at a National Police station in Spain or at the Spanish embassy or consulate in the buyer\u2019s country of residence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong><strong>6. Open a bank account in Spain<\/strong><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">To facilitate payment of the property and other related expenses, it is advisable for the buyer to open a bank account in Spain. This account will be used to transfer the funds required for the purchase and to pay the taxes and fees associated with the property. This aspect is not secondary. Very often, foreign buyers ask whether they can transfer the purchase funds directly from their bank abroad. The transaction itself is perfectly lawful; the problem lies in the seller\u2019s payment guarantees, since until the funds have been received in their bank account, the seller will not be willing to formally transfer ownership of the property.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">On the other hand, the potential buyer will also not be comfortable sending the funds to the seller before the public deed of sale is signed. Therefore, to overcome this impasse, the best solution is to make the payment by means of a\u00a0<strong>bank cheque issued by a bank in Spain<\/strong>, or to make a\u00a0<strong>transfer via the Bank of Spain<\/strong>, which in theory allows the funds to arrive within a few minutes. Another solution is to use a\u00a0<strong>notary\u2019s escrow account<\/strong>, whereby the notary will transfer the funds to the seller only once the deed of sale has been executed. However, this is not a very common practice, and many notaries prefer not to assume this additional responsibility.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong><strong>7. Execute the public deed before a notary<\/strong><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">One of the final steps in the purchase process is signing the public deed of sale before a Spanish notary. The notary will review all documents and verify that everything is in order before proceeding with the signature. The deed of sale will also constitute the title transferring ownership from the seller to the buyer. The buyer has the right to choose a notary of their trust.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong><strong>8. Register the property<\/strong><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">After signing the public deed, it is necessary to register the change of ownership at the corresponding\u00a0Land Registry. This step is crucial to ensure that the buyer is legally recognized as the legitimate owner vis-\u00e0-vis any third party.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized has-custom-border\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/maluquerabogados.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/pexels-fotografiagmazg-7865621-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"Buying property in Spain\n\" class=\"has-border-color has-white-border-color wp-image-11816\" style=\"border-width:41px;aspect-ratio:1.5001674294006027;width:737px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/maluquerabogados.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/pexels-fotografiagmazg-7865621-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/maluquerabogados.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/pexels-fotografiagmazg-7865621-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/maluquerabogados.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/pexels-fotografiagmazg-7865621-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/maluquerabogados.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/pexels-fotografiagmazg-7865621-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/maluquerabogados.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/pexels-fotografiagmazg-7865621-2048x1365.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-39e0dbe7317a6940abfba4cad5ed36ee\" style=\"color:#003767\"><strong><strong>Taxes when buying property in Spain<\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong><strong>1. Taxes on the purchase<\/strong><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The sale of a property is subject to\u00a0VAT and Stamp Duty (AJD \u2013 Tax on Documented Legal Acts)\u00a0or\u00a0Transfer Tax (ITP \u2013 Property Transfer Tax), depending on the status of the seller and the property. As a general rule, if the seller is a company or a professional and it is the\u00a0first transfer of the property, the sale will be subject to\u00a0VAT\u00a0and\u00a0Stamp Duty (AJD). If the property is\u00a0second-hand, the sale will be subject only to\u00a0ITP.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>VAT<\/strong>\u00a0is currently\u00a0<strong>10%<\/strong>\u00a0of the purchase price.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Stamp Duty (AJD)<\/strong>\u00a0may vary from one Autonomous Community to another (for example, in\u00a0<strong>Catalonia<\/strong>\u00a0it is currently\u00a0<strong>1.5%<\/strong>\u00a0of the purchase price).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>ITP<\/strong>\u00a0may also vary from one Autonomous Community to another (generally between\u00a0<strong>8% and 10%<\/strong>\u00a0of the purchase price).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">All these taxes must be\u00a0<strong>paid by the buyer<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong><strong>2. Taxes after buying property in Spain<\/strong><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Once the buyer becomes the owner of the property, the following taxes must be taken into account:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Municipal Tax (IBI \u2013 Property Tax)<\/strong>. This is an annual tax based on the cadastral value of the property. Each Town Hall sets the applicable rate.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Non-Resident Income Tax (IRNR)<\/strong>. As a non-resident, if the property is rented out, the owner must pay tax on the rental income (<strong>24%<\/strong>\u00a0if not resident in the EU;\u00a0<strong>19%<\/strong>\u00a0if resident in the EU) and must file a tax return annually during the\u00a0<strong>first 20 days of January<\/strong>. If the property is not rented out, the owner must also pay income tax each year, calculated as a certain percentage of the cadastral value (generally\u00a0<strong>2%<\/strong>).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Non-Resident Income Tax (IRNR) on capital gains<\/strong>. When the property is sold, IRNR must also be paid on the positive difference between the sale price and the acquisition cost. In the case of non-residents in Spain, the applicable tax rate on the gain will be the same as indicated in the previous point.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Wealth Tax<\/strong>. Taxpayers are only individuals; however, a non-resident individual will also be subject to this tax if they hold an interest in an entity in Spain whose assets consist of at least\u00a0<strong>50% real estate<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Taxation may vary from one Autonomous Community to another. For example, in\u00a0Catalonia\u00a0there is an\u00a0exemption up to \u20ac500,000, and the tax rate is\u00a0progressive\u00a0(for example,\u00a00.210%\u00a0on the first\u00a0\u20ac167,129.45;\u00a00.315%\u00a0on the following\u00a0\u20ac167,129.45).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Our firm has extensive experience in advising and assisting non-residents in the purchase of property in Spain. If you are interested in further information, we will be pleased to provide it. You can contact us to request a\u00a0free quotation.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><em><em><strong>This note does not constitute legal advice and is for general information purposes only. It is always advisable to consult a professional to assess your specific case.<\/strong><\/em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-file\"><a id=\"wp-block-file--media-886195f7-f3c7-421b-b09e-9b6b311c4166\" href=\"https:\/\/maluquerabogados.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/ENG_Buying-property-in-Spain-what-you-need-to-know-before-starting-the-process.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Download PDF<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/maluquerabogados.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/ENG_Buying-property-in-Spain-what-you-need-to-know-before-starting-the-process.pdf\" class=\"wp-block-file__button wp-element-button\" download aria-describedby=\"wp-block-file--media-886195f7-f3c7-421b-b09e-9b6b311c4166\">PDF<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/maluquerabogados.com\/en\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\" noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1880\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/maluquerabogados.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/definitiu.png\" alt=\"Buying property in Spain\n\" class=\"wp-image-11456\" srcset=\"https:\/\/maluquerabogados.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/definitiu.png 1880w, https:\/\/maluquerabogados.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/definitiu-300x48.png 300w, https:\/\/maluquerabogados.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/definitiu-1024x163.png 1024w, https:\/\/maluquerabogados.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/definitiu-768x123.png 768w, https:\/\/maluquerabogados.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/definitiu-1536x245.png 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1880px) 100vw, 1880px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>According to the latest report by the Spanish Registrars,\u00a021,500 property purchase deeds\u00a0were granted to foreign buyers during the first quarter of 2024. This represents a\u00a07.5% increase\u00a0compared to the previous quarter. Due to the growing interest among foreign buyers, we believe it may be useful to offer some guidance on how to buy property in Spain [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":11952,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1077],"tags":[1352,1354,1353,1355],"class_list":["post-11954","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-real-estate-law","tag-buying-property-in-spain","tag-deposit-contract-arras","tag-property-purchase","tag-property-taxes-in-spain"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Buying property in Spain: key legal and tax steps | Maluquer Abogados<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Buying property in Spain requires legal and tax checks. 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